They see one’s development as a continuous process that covers three areas of development, namely, physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. Developmental psychologists undertake this psychological field. Lifespan development shows how one changes as they grow from conception all the way through to death. Lifespan development, career development and how they interlink It is evident that a conditioned response being extinct is not permanent. If the person recovers from the traumatic experience, it is possible for the learned behaviour to return. Bergh and Geldenhuys (2013) state that a traumatic experience can cause learned behaviour to become extinct which affects response to conditioned responses. The person will react the same way to the stimulus until someone is able to convince them their fear is irrational, which is how that conditioned response will become extinct and no longer elicit a response. If one had a bad experience from a certain stimulus, it will always trigger a negative reaction, which is the conditioned response. An example of classical conditioning in human beings can be seen in phobias. Once the dogs realised the ringing of the bell was no longer accompanied by food, they stopped salivating. The bell is seen as a conditioned stimulus and saliva, the conditioned reflex (Bergh and Geldenhuys, 2013: 95) the dogs had made an association between the bell and it being eating time which is why they continued salivating even after no food was being served after the bell was rung. Salivation continued as the dogs were conditioned to associate the sound of the bell with it being eating time. The third stage still showed use of the bell, this time without serving any food. In the second stage a bell was rung whilst food was being served to the dogs, this was done multiple times to condition them and make them associate the ringing of the bell with eating time as that is not what they were accustomed to before, resulting, once again in them salivating. The food is seen as an unconditioned stimulus and the saliva, an unconditioned reflex as it is involuntary and untaught. The dogs had a tube surgically implanted in their saliva glands and this is how their saliva was collected (Learning theories, 2014). During the experiment the dogs were restrained in an experiment chamber where they were given food in the form of meat powder. The experiment was carried out by using hungry dogs that when showed food, would salivate. The aim of the experiment was to associate an unrelated unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response, which is a behavioural response (Lumen learning, n.d.). Ivan Pavlov made use of dogs for his experiment to prove the classical conditioning process. In this essay, I will be going into detail about the experiment that served as proof of the classic conditioning process as well as its outcomes. It is one of many perspectives used to explain the learning processes, discovered in 1897 and also known as the Pavlovian Theory (Wikipedia, 2019). Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a Nobel Prize winning Russian physiologist most famous for his discovery of the classical conditioning process. Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Process The second part of my assignment is about the four different stages of lifespan and career development and how they interlink. As each human being grows up, they reach milestones and are constantly evolving, the same can be said career – wise. The first part of my assignment is an essay on his classical conditioning experiment, how it was carried out and its findings. Those names cannot be mentioned without including Ivan Pavlov, the researcher of classical conditioning which is all about learned behaviour which paved the way for a multitude of behaviour theories. who became so by giving reason and name to everyday things that happen, through theories which needed them to do endless amounts of research and experiments. There are many great names in psychology.
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